![]() ![]() Lithiums are more expensive and are not used for everything. This was an all-out quest for maximum energy density: they were not willing to compromise to match up to an existing popular voltage such as 1.5V. Those have a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts per cell. However, as economics changed, lithium battery technology has become popular. Note that carbon-zinc and alkaline are "primary batteries" meaning use once, and throw them away. It provides much more energy in the same volume, and of course they used the same AAA, AA, C, D form-factors. The chemicals decide the voltage, so the chemistry had to be carefully chosen to a) be safe, b) be a similar 1.5V voltage, and c) be affordable. ![]() Since then, companies developed the "alkaline cell" chemistry - think Duracell/Energizer. The "9V" batteries have 6 tiny cells inside a package, and the "Lantern" batteries have 4 cells inside a package. These are 1.5V - that's decided by the chemicals in the battery, chosen for safety and low cost.Īppliances typically use them in series strings of 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 cells - giving 3, 4.5, 6, 9 or 12 volts. Historically, the popular battery that owned the market was the "carbon-zinc" cell. You get less gas into and out of it every time. Think of it like letting the old gas at the bottom of your gas tank congeal and solidify and then filling it up again. NOTE: Memory is a behavior that some battery chemistries display wherein their capacities decrease every time you recharge them if you are not properly maintaining them or discharging them to near-empty before recharging them. So, why are there so many lithium batteries today? They are rechargeable, have no memory, and have superior qualities with respect to energy, power density, power volume, and weight compared to the other forms of batteries mentioned above. The same is true for 6V and 12V lead-acid batteries made from stacks of 2V cells. They have been chosen as such since they are batteries constructed from stacks of alkaline cells. ![]() 3V and 9V are not customized values simply because they are round figures. Notice that 3V and 9V are multiples of 1.5V. Similarly, 1.2V is typical for nickel-cadmium (NiCd), 1.2V for nickel-metal hydride (NiMh), 1.5V for alkaline batteries, and 2V for lead-acid. The voltage is dependent on the materials used in the cell chemistry and cannot be chosen per se.ģ.7V is typical for Lithium chemistries. ![]()
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